Chapter+21.2

Answer the following questions and identifications.

Livingstone Stanley Zulu Boers Cecil Rhodes Boer War

Group 1. Why and how did western nations take control of North and West Africa?

Western nations took control of West Africa because they wanted to expand their culture, had interest in raw materials such as timber, hides, peanuts and palm oil, to find new forms of trade, and to continue rivalries with neighboring countries. They did this by annexing the west costal states as the first British colony of gold coasts. Western nations took control of North Africa because the growing economic importance of the Nile river valley became a major topic, and they took over places like Egypt by canals such as the Suez canal.

Group 2. What role did Livingstone, Stanley, and King Leopold II have in the colonization of Central and East Africa?

Livingston explored central Africa and all of the uncharted regions. He sent the information back to London where the info was updated when he went missing Stanley went to look for him. And when Livingston died Stanley stayed and finished his work. Stanley explored the Congo River. He asked the king Leopold the II of Belgium to send settlers because Britain wouldn’t. Leopold wasn’t enthusiastic to cr eate an empire in Africa but eventually hired henry to set up settlements along the Congo.

Germany tried to develop colonies in eastern Africa. Britain was interested in it because it connected south Africa to Egypt. Portugal and Belgium also had land in it.

Group 3. What people and events led to the British takeover of South Africa? What impact did this takeover have? - The Boers, The Zulu people, and Cecil Rhodes were the reason why the British took over South Africa. The British seized the Cape Town and surrounding areas in South Africa, during the Napoleonic Wars, from the Dutch. The British military became involved with the Zulu people and defeated them in the late 1800s because they were too powerful, even after their leaders’ death. Cecil Rhodes influenced the British policy in South Africa. The British government forced him to resign as prime minister of Cape Colony after discovering that he planned to overthrow the Boer government of the South African Republic without their approval. This resulted in the Boer War. Fierce guerilla resistance by the Boers angered the British. They responded by burning crops and herding about 120,000 Boer women and children into detention camps, where lack of food caused some 20,000 deaths. British defeated the Boers. A peace treaty was signed in 1902. The British created an independent Union of South Africa, which combined the old Cape Colony and the Boer republics. This new state would be a self-governing nation within the British Empire. Group 4. What impact did colonization have on Africa and how did it cause African nationalism?


 * The impact of colonization had on Africa wasn't very good. They used indirect rule which caused problems like fraud because British administrators made all major decisions. Another problem was that the policy of indirect rule kept the old African elite in power. That was a problem because it didn't let the new African elite show their own talents. This all basically means that the British took the African's independence. The only good thing that came out of it was that it didn't disrupt local customs and institutions. The French used direct rule and wanted to put some of Africa's culture into theirs, rather than maintaining it. Africans were allowed to run for office, serve in the French National Assembly in Paris, and were appointed to high-powered positions in the colonial administration. All of this caused African nationalism because since the Africans were now educated and new a lot about the West, they wanted to introduce Western ideas into their own societies because they didn't like the ways of their own countries.