Chapter+19.1

TERMS entrepreneur -
 * 1) Industrial Revolution
 * It started in Great Britain in the 1780s. The affects of the revolution were that More people could be fed at lower prices with less labor. Population grew with the increased food supply. Britain had a ready supply of money to invest in the new industrial machines and factories. Britain had plentiful natural resources. A supply of markets gave British manufacturers a ready outlet for their goods.
 * 1) Entrepreneur- People that found new business opportunities and new ways to make profits.
 * 2) enclosure-  w  ith the increased food supply, the population grew. The movement was passed by parliament and were laws that fenced landowners off common lands. It forced many peasants to move to towns, creating a labor supply for factories.  **The remaining farms were larger, more efficient, with increased crop yields. **
 * 3) Cottage industry- a production method used in the eighteenth century, individuals spun the thread and then wove the cloth in their rural cottages. it made transportation faster and more efficient
 * 4) James Watt- improved the steam engine which made the cotton industry more productive. He was a Scottish engineer. He made changes that enabled the engine to drive machinery.
 * 5) puddling - Created in the 1780s by Henry Cort. In this process, coke was used to burn away impurities in crude iron, called pig iron, and to produce iron of high quality. This made the British iron industry boom.
 * 6) Urbanization -Two new social classes, the industrial middle class and the industrial working class, emerged. Famine and poverty were two factors in global migration and urbanization. Industrialization also spurred urbanization as large numbers of people migrated to cities to work in factories. The rabid growth of cities in the first half of the nineteenth century led to pitiful living conditions for many. These conditions prompted urban reformers to call on local governments to clean up their cities.
 * 7) socialism - In this society, usually in the form of a government, owns and controls some means of production such as factories and utilities. This public ownership of the means would allow wealth to be distributed more equitably to everyone. In this hypothetical society, workers could use their abilities and everyone’s needs would be met.
 * 8) Robert Owen
 * a British cotton manufacturer, and a utopian socialist. He believed that humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment. He transformed the squalid factory town of New Lanark (Scotland) into a flourishing community. He created a similar community at New Harmony, Indiana, in the U.S. in the 1820s. New Harmony failed because not a lot of people were committed to sharing as he was.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Group 1 - Why did industrialization begin in Britain
 * change in agricultural practices, population grows well, Britain had alot of money to fund the revolution, plenty of natural resources, ready markets for entrepreneurs to sell their goods.
 * Some terms that will be used with this is the industrial revolution & entrepreneurs

Group 2 - How did industrialization change manufacturing and transportation? > >  Cottage industry-a production method used in the eighteenth century, individuals spun the thread and then wove the cloth in their rural cottages. it made transportation faster and more efficient >
 * manufacturing made weaving and spinning easier. James Watt- improved the steam engine which made the cotton industry more productive. He was a Scottish engineer. He made changes that enabled the engine to drive machinery.

Group 3 - Describe the factors that determined how industrialization spread to Europe and North America? - In Europe, governments encouraged industrialization in Belgium, France, and German states. European governments provided funds to build roads, canals, and railroads. In North America, thousands of miles of road and canals were built to link east and west. Steamboats made transportation easier and the most important transportation in the transportation is the railroad.

Group 4 - How did industrialization impact European society (social classes, urban areas, and socialism)? Socialism impacted society because it was equally distributed to everyone and the government had the capital that had the supply of money; enclosure impacted society because it made people move from their homes; James Watt impacted society because he improved the steam engine so the people don’t have to be near the rivers; puddling created more trains for transportation