Chapter+21.3

Answer the following questions and identifications.

Sepoy Revolt Indian National Congress Gandhi Rabindranath Tagore

Group 1. What caused the Sepoy Mutiny and how does that impact India?

Group 2. Compare the benefits to the costs of British rule over India.

The benefits of British rule are that they brought order and stability and helped create a better government. They also made a better school system although only high class members of society could attend them. Also better railroads, the telegraph, and the postal system were introduced to India.

The costs of British rule are that British manufactured goods ruined local businesses. The British textile industries put a lot of women out of work. The Zamidars that the British used to collect taxes abused their powers and increased the taxes. Food production decreased and many people died from starvation because the British made the Indian farmers stop farming and plant cotton. They also didn't respect any aspect of Indian culture.

Group 3. What are the origins of the Indian nationalist movement? What type of people were involved? Group 4. How did Indian nationalism influence the development of Indian cultural movements?
 * The first Indian nationalists were upper-class and English-educated. Most were from urban areas (Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta). In the beginning they preferred reform to revolution, but the slow pace of reform convinced many that relying on British goodwill was futile. The INC (Indian National Congress) was then created to seek independence for ALL Indians. Mohandas Gandhi began a movement based on nonviolent resistance. This movements aim was to force the British to improve the lot of the poor and to grant independence to India, which it did (Indian independence was granted).

Gandhi went to South Africa and saw how they were being treated so he wanted a non-violent resistance and led them to independence; Indian nationalist preferred reform to revolution; Indian National Congress sought independence for all Indians regardless of class of religion; British presence in India led to an Indian independence movement