Chapter+21.1

Answer the following questions and identifications.

imperialism Emilio Aguinaldo Direct rule indirect rule George Dewey Protectorate

Group 1. What motivated new imperialism and how was it different than earlier imperialism?

The motives for an increase in European Imperialism were strong economic profits off of Asian natural resources (such as tin, rubber, coffee, and spices), heated rivalries among neighboring countries (such as the rivalry between Britain and France), national prestige, and racism. Earlier Imperialism took place because countries wanted to expand their land, while new imperialism looked to increase economic profits and national status.

Group 2. Why did western nations (Britain, France, U.S.) take over various parts of Southeast Asia? How was Thailand different?

__Britain__- Singapore was founded which became a major stopping point for traffic going to or from China. Britain wanted control of Burma in order to protect its possessions in India. And the Burmese monarchy collapsed causing Britain to control the entire country of Burma __France__- had missionaries working in Vietnam. The French forced Vietnamese to accept French protection. They took over territories in the Mekong River delta. They occupied the city of Saigon and extended their control over the rest of the country of Vietnam. They made the Vietnamese empire a French protectorate. __Thailand__- king mongkut and king chulalongkorn promoted western learning and maintained friendly relations with the major European powers. Britain and France agreed to maintain Thailand as an independent buffer state between their possessions in southeast asia. __US__- In the Spanish American war, the US naval forced under Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet in manila Bay. Phillippins were turned over to the usa by president McKinley. Auguinaldo became the president of the Republic of the Phillipines in his revolt against the Spanish.

Group 3. What policies were used to control colonies both politically and economically?

Direct and Indirect rule. Direct rule was used when the local places where replaced by completely Westernized culture. This was because they resisted being conquered so they couldn’t get along enough to use indirect rule. Indirect rule was when the local rulers were allowed to keep their authority and statues in a new colonial setting. Both of these were used to maintain the conquered lands political and economical environment.

For example: The Dutch East India Company used indirect rule in the Dutch Eastern Indies. Direct is Great Bristten admisistering Burma directly through its colonial government. And France used both ways of ruling.

Group 4. What forms of colonial resistance existed in Southeast Asia? Were they successful, why or why not?


 * Some territories resisted colonial, but most early resistance movement failed.


 * At first, resistance came from the existing ruling class.
 * For example, the monarch in Burma fought Western domination


 * Resistance to Western control took the form of peasants revolts.
 * For example, In Burma, Saya San (a Buddhist monk), led a peasant uprising against the British colonial


 * Later on they were overcome by the Western powers